Moreover, haemoconcentration is noted with an increase in the packed cell volume; total proteins are initially increased, but changes into a lower than normal value.

Some of the manifestations of septic shock, such as hypotension, haemoconcentration, and gastrointestinal ulceration were reported to be mimicked after intravenous administration of platelet activating factor in rats suggesting that it plays a role in this syndrome.

There are several clinical features which are unique to C. sordellii: marked leukocytosis (leukaemoid reaction), refractory hypotension, severe tachycardia, haemoconcentration, persistent apyrexia and profound capillary leak syndrome (see entry for Clostridium novyi alpha-toxin for details of mechanism.)

There may be an elevation of the hemoglobin and hematocrit indicating hemoconcentration.

The increasing hemoconcentration and volume depletion may result in:

Other properties include anticoagulant effects, hemoconcentration and hemorrhage.

This causes hemoconcentration (where there is less plasma - the liquid part of the blood - and more red blood cells in the blood).

In severe disease, plasma leakage results in hemoconcentration (as indicated by a rising hematocrit) and hypoalbuminemia.

Severe hypovolemia (low blood volume) is one of the hallmarks of the disease, and severe hemoconcentration (concentrated blood) is considered necessary for diagnosis.

This leads to polyuria (excessive urination, an osmotic diuresis), which, in turn, leads to volume depletion and hemoconcentration that causes a further increase in blood glucose level.

In severe forms of OHSS there may be hemoconcentration, thrombosis and distension, oliguria (decreased urine production), pleural effusion, and respiratory distress.

The filter process removes unwanted excess non-cellular plasma water, low molecular weight solutes, platelet inhibitors and some particulate matter through hemoconcentration, including activated cytokines, anaphylatoxins, and other waste substances making concentrated whole blood available for reinfusion.

A small proportion of patients develop DHF, which is characterized by presence of resolving fever or a recent history of fever, lasting 2 7 days, any hemorrhagic manifestation, thrombocytopenia (platelet count 100,000/mm3), and increased vascular permeability, evidenced by hemoconcentration, hypoalbuminemia or hypoproteinemia, ascites, or pleural effusion.