Intentional gingival retraction.

In most cases caries were associated with "severe gingival retraction, sepsis, exposure of cementum, and loosening of teeth".

Gingival retraction, in turn, may expose the dental neck and leave it vulnerable to the action of external stimuli, and may cause root sensitivity.

Gingival retraction or gingival recession is when there is lateral movement of the gingival margin away from the tooth surface.

It is usually termed gingival retraction as an intentional procedure, and in such cases it is performed by mechanical, chemical, or electrical means in order to perform certain dental surgery procedures.