However, in the last 2 decades, the incidence of cancer of the cardia and gastroesophageal junction has been rapidly rising.

Necrosis can be found mostly between the three distals of the esophagus, but stops abruptly at the gastroesophageal junction.

The most common (95%) is the sliding hiatus hernia, where the gastroesophageal junction moves above the diaphragm together with some of the stomach.

After "being suddenly seized with the fatal disease, an intro-susception of the bowels" (probably gastroesophageal junction) she died shortly thereafter, aged 12 weeks.

This involves retroflexing the tip of the scope so it resembles a 'J' shape in order to examine the fundus and gastroesophageal junction.

Tumors in the lower stomach are cured more often than those in the higher stomach - gastric cardia or gastroesophageal junction.

Organoaxial type In an organoaxial gastric volvulus, the stomach rotates around an axis that connects the gastroesophageal junction and the pylorus.

Approximately 75% of Dieulafoy's lesions occur in the upper part of the stomach within 6 cm of the gastroesophageal junction, most commonly in the lesser curvature.

A traction of 1 kg is applied to the tube so that the gastric balloon will compress on the gastroesophageal junction to reduce the blood flow to esophageal varices.

In transnasal placement the capsule is placed 5 cm above upper border of the LES, and in endoscopic placement 6 cm above gastroesophageal junction.

The esophagus enters the stomach at an acute angle, creating a one-way valve, with a powerful sphincter mechanism at the gastroesophageal junction, which is why horses cannot vomit.

The NDO Surgical Plicator creates a plication, or fold, of tissue near the gastroesophageal junction, and fixates the plication with a suture-based implant.

Macdonald JS, Smalley SR, Benedetti J, et al.: Chemoradiotherapy after surgery compared with surgery alone for adenocarcinoma of the stomach or gastroesophageal junction.

The second kind is rolling (or paraesophageal) hiatus hernia, when a part of the stomach herniates through the esophageal hiatus and lies beside the esophagus, without movement of the gastroesophageal junction.

The cardia begins immediately distal to the z-line of the gastroesophageal junction, where the squamous epithelium of the esophagus gives way to the columnar epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract.

It is most applicable to patients with squamous cell carcinomas of the upper third and middle third of the esophagus, as opposed to the increasingly common distal esophageal and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinomas.

Ajani JA, Baker J, Pisters PW, et al.: CPT-11 plus cisplatin in patients with advanced, untreated gastric or gastroesophageal junction carcinoma: results of a phase II study.

Ajani JA, Komaki R, Putnam JB, et al.: A three-step strategy of induction chemotherapy then chemoradiation followed by surgery in patients with potentially resectable carcinoma of the esophagus or gastroesophageal junction.

Recently, it was shown that bile acids are able to induce intestinal differentiation, in gastroesophageal junction cells, through inhibition of the Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) receptor and the protein kinase enzyme Akt.

The junction between the esophagus and the stomach (the gastroesophageal junction or GE junction) is not actually considered a valve, although it is sometimes called the cardiac sphincter, cardia or cardias, it actually better resembles a structure.

MD Anderson Cancer Center: A phase I/II study of Docetaxel, 5-Fluorouracil and Oxaliplatin (D-FOX) in patients with untreated locally unresectable or metastatic adenocarcinoma of the stomach or gastroesophageal junction.

In 1929 Mallory and Soma Weiss, a physician at Harvard, described 15 cases of severe, painless hemorrhage caused by a tear in the mucosa of the esophagus or gastroesophageal junction preceded by vomiting in alcoholic patients.

The valve at the top of the stomach (the gastroesophageal junction) does not produce a tight seal, and in the absence of gravity, the stomach contents tend to float near this loose seal, making them likely to come up along with the expelled air.

Hiatus hernias may be either "sliding", in which the gastroesophageal junction itself slides through the defect into the chest, or non-sliding (also known as para-esophageal), in which case the junction remains fixed while another portion of the stomach moves up through the defect.

A fiberoptic carbon dioxide sensor (Paratrend7; Diametrics Medical Inc, Roseville, MN, USA) was introduced through the oral catheter up to 8-10 cm from the incisor teeth into lower third of the esophagus (at 2-3 cm above the gastroesophageal junction).