For the Swiss Cheese model in physical cosmology, see large-scale structure of the cosmos, galaxy filament, and supercluster.

Many of the void galaxies are connected through void filaments, lightweight versions of the regular galaxy filaments that surround voids, to each other.

On January 11, 2013, it was announced that a large quasar group was discovered, the Huge-LQG, which dwarfs previously discovered galaxy filaments in size.

In cosmology, they are used to study processes of non-linear structure formation such as the process of forming galaxy filaments and galaxy halos from dark matter in physical cosmology.

The Pisces-Cetus Supercluster Complex is a complex of galaxy superclusters or galaxy filament that includes the Virgo Supercluster (the supercluster in which the Local Group, the galactic cluster that includes the Milky Way Galaxy, is located).