They reported on a 33 year old female presenting with exertional dyspnea and palpitations.

Chronic cough and exertional dyspnea are common findings.

Anemia, that develops gradually, usually presents with exertional dyspnea, fatigue, weakness, and tachycardia.

LAM commonly manifests as exertional dyspnea and recurrent pneumothorax.

However, other symptoms include exertional dyspnea (most common), chest pain, dizziness, fainting, high blood pressure (hypertension), heart palpitations, fatigue and shortness of breath.

Assessment should include the impact of dyspnea on the patient's functional status and appreciation of the dynamic component of dyspnea-namely, exertional dyspnea.

The commonest symptom of laryngotracheal stenosis is gradually-worsening breathlessness (dyspnea) particularly when undertaking physical activities (exertional dyspnea).

From Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 17th ed., page 1446: "Orthopnea is usually a later manifestation of heart failure (HF) than is exertional dyspnea.

Since lower extremity edema or exertional dyspnea may be due to non-cardiac causes, the presence of either of these alone, without other indications of heart failure, is not sufficient for a diagnosis of HF.

Cardiac involvement is often identified with the presence of conduction system disease (sinus node or atrioventricular node dysfunction) and/or congestive heart failure, including shortness of breath, peripheral edema, syncope, exertional dyspnea, generalized fatigue, or heart block.