This insulin secretion subsides as blood glucose concentrations decrease and approach euglycemia.

Management concentrates on keeping blood sugar levels as close to normal ("euglycemia") as possible, without causing hypoglycemia.

The best way of addressing diabetic retinopathy is to monitor it vigilantly and achieve euglycemia.

Yet despite continued procedural improvements, only about 10% of islet recipients in the late 1990s achieved euglycemia (normal blood glucose).

As mentioned above, insulin secretion is reduced during exercise, and does not play a major role in euglycemia during exercise.

By oxidizing fatty acids, this spares glucose utilization and helps to maintain euglycemia during exercise.

It can occur as a result of abnormal blood sugar levels and the symptoms tend to rectify with attainment of euglycemia (normal blood sugar levels).

This is often seen when hyperglycemia develops after a meal, when pancreatic β-cells are unable to produce sufficient insulin to maintain normal blood sugar levels (euglycemia) in the face of insulin resistance.

Further exacerbating the problem (and unlike kidney, liver, and heart transplants, where only one donor is needed for each recipient) most islet transplant patients require islets from two or more donors to achieve euglycemia.

The range of negative reading values is quite wide-covering normal or close to normal blood glucose values with no danger of hypoglycemia (euglycemia) to low blood glucose values (hypoglycemia) where treatment would be necessary.

To circumvent this organ shortage problem, researchers continue to look for ways to grow islets-or at least cells capable of physiologically regulated insulin secretion-in vitro, but currently only islets from cadaveric donors can be used to restore euglycemia.

In 2000, Dr. James Shapiro and colleagues published a report describing seven consecutive patients who achieved euglycemia following islet transplantation using a steroid-free protocol and large numbers of donor islets, since referred to as the Edmonton protocol.