epiglottal consonant

These include pharyngeal and epiglottal consonants.

The epiglottal consonants identified by the International Phonetic Alphabet are:

Aghul has contrastive epiglottal consonants.

Epiglottal consonants are often allophone trilled, and in some languages the trill is the primary realization of the consonant.

There is a sometimes fuzzy line between glottal, aryepiglottal, and epiglottal consonants and phonation, which uses these same areas.

Many languages claiming to have pharyngeal fricatives or approximants turn out on closer inspection to have epiglottal consonants instead.

This includes the pharyngeal, epiglottal, and epiglotto-pharyngeal places of articulation, though technically epiglottal consonants take place in the larynx.

Pharyngeal/epiglottal consonants (like the arabic alphabet letter ح (ħ) as in 'Muħammad') often cause a-coloring in the Semitic languages.

This contrasts with the pharyngeal consonants, where the root of the tongue contacts the back wall of the pharynx, and prototypical epiglottal consonants, where the aryepiglottic folds contact the epiglottis.

Epiglotto-pharyngeal consonants have been reported (and videotaped) in one language, the Formosan language Amis of Taiwan, which has a released stop and, apparently, a fricative as phrase-final allophones of its (ary)epiglottal consonants.

It differs from the IPA especially in the affricates, all of which are written with a single character, the laterals, and the pharyngeal and epiglottal consonants (complicated by the fact that Starostin did not use the term "epiglottal").

For example, simultaneous glottal, ventricular, and arytenoid activity (for something other than epiglottal consonants) has been observed in Tibetan, Korean, Nuuchahnulth, Nlaka'pamux, Thai, Sui, Amis, Pame, Arabic, Tigrinya, Cantonese, and Yi.