It refers to the annual wage negotiations between the enterprise unions and the employers.

The lowest unit is the enterprise union committee.

In practice, these so-called "enterprise unions" are junior partners to management, not adversaries.

Some companies have powerful enterprise unions and shuntō.

The actual negotiations are still carded out by the various enterprise unions themselves and the role of the national union federations remains very limited.

Such attitudes were conducive to the development of enterprise unions rather than occupational or industrial unions.

What production control did achieve was the combination of blue and white collar labour in ways that reflected the essence of enterprise unions.

Under the new legislation, leaders of state enterprise unions were forced to seek approval from the Interior Ministry to register their organizations as "associations".

The bargaining relations between state enterprise unions and the political authorities may be seen in terms of Pizzorno's well-known concept of 'political exchange'.

Exchange could also take place on the basis of ideological support, commitment or obligation, as has often been the case between public enterprise unions and social democratic governments.

These enterprise unions, however, join industry-wide federations which in turn are members of Rengo, the Japanese national trade union confederation.

However, in Japan, union organization is slightly different due to the presence of enterprise unions, i.e. unions that are specific to a specific plant or company.

These inequalities are managed through the activities of interest groups, market competition, educational institutions, enterprise unions and the state as they participate in constructing the national interest.

However, it quickly neutralized the country's state enterprise unions, paving the way for the increased role of the private sector in the development of state enterprises.

Even many of the enterprise unions of Solidarnosc do not at the same time belong to sector or craft unions but only to the nationwide association.

One of the Assembly's first actions was to approve legislation in April dissolving all of the country's powerful state enterprise unions [see p. 38151].

On April 19 King Bhumibol Adulyadej signed into law two acts which automatically dissolved all 61 of the country's state enterprise unions [see p. 38099].

Soon, supporters from other state enterprise unions joined in, with as many as 50,000 people demanding that EGAT's privatization be scrapped or submitted to public referendum.

Let us therefore create the conditions and demolish the obstacles for the EU to be able to become an enterprise union for freedom, prosperity and belief in the future.

The government policy of policy of segregating trade unions and promoting enterprise unions over national and industry unions has, stifled the trade unions movement.

Consequently the regular use of the National Labour Relations Commission by enterprise unions renews the 'certification of their legitimacy by government institutions'(Hanami 1983 p.172).

Enterprise unions generally group all regular workers, including white-collar staff, who are employed in an undertaking operated by a single management, but they are not 'company' unions and are basically independent of management.

Enterprise unions along with other elements in the association of the firm with the family, developed out of the political turmoil and economic devastation that followed the end of the Pacific War in 1945.

If fierce competition between large firms is the 'Japanese way', it also explains the background to the promotion of enterprise unions as the mechanism through which collective effort at the company level can be focused against rival companies.

Although most enterprise unions are affiliated to a number of national labour federations, industrial or trade unions which include workers from many different firms make up only a tiny proportion of Japanese labour unions.