Geophysicists can also provide the electric current themselves (see induced polarization and electrical resistivity tomography).

Electrical techniques, including electrical resistivity tomography, induced polarization and spontaneous potential.

The application of large electrode arrays allows for reconstructing complex 3D structure of geological media (see Electrical resistivity tomography).

Although generally used in archaeology for planview mapping, resistance methods also have a limited ability to discriminate depth and create vertical profiles (see Electrical resistivity tomography).

Applications of this problem include Electrical resistivity tomography in geophysics and Electrical impedance tomography in medical imaging.

Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) is sub-surface imaging from electrical measurements at the surface or by electrodes.

The method is similar to electrical resistivity tomography, in that an electric current is induced into the subsurface through two electrodes, and voltage is monitored through two other electrodes.

Withe the advancement in the field of Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) from 1D to 2D and now-a- days 3D, ERT has explored many fields.

These methods include: time-domain reflectometry (TDR), neutron probe, frequency domain sensor, capacitance probe, amplitude domain reflectometry, electrical resistivity tomography, ground penetrating radar (GPR), and others that are sensitive to the physical properties of water .

Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) or electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) is a geophysical technique for imaging sub-surface structures from electrical resistivity measurements made at the surface, or by electrodes in one or more boreholes.

In geophysics a similar technique (called electrical resistivity tomography) is used using electrodes on the surface of the earth or in bore holes to locate resistivity anomalies, and in industrial process monitoring the arrays of electrodes are used for example to monitor mixtures of conductive fluids in vessels or pipes.