"The people coming back used to mean an active economic circulation for this town," said Mr. Baki of the effects on his village.

Indeed that is the only way to build up regional economic circulation in the under-developed regions that will protect people' s social welfare and boost purchasing power.

The ecological economists Mathis Wackernagel and William Rees have suggested that any cost savings from efficiency gains be "taxed away or otherwise removed from further economic circulation.

Unlike pre-Islamic Arabian society, the Qur'anic idea of economic circulation as a return of goods and obligations was for everyone, whether donors and recipients know each other or not, in which goods move, and society does what it is supposed to do.

- 135 136 ALBERT EINSTEIN Mechanical means of production in an unorganized econ- omy have had the result that a substantial proportion of man- kind is no longer needed for the production of goods and is thus excluded from the process of economic circulation.