The contested earmarked grants now constitute the only source of Federal money for such facilities.

With other incomes (earmarked grants, levies and so on) she has a budget of about 43,5 million euro.

The Reagan Administration and numerous scientific agencies oppose earmarked grants, but opinion in Congress is divided.

The annual event benefited Pitching in for Kids, Inc., a nonprofit organization dedicated to providing earmarked grants that improve the lives of children in New England.

Pressure on Congress Urged The Association of American Universities was the first of the six academic organizations sponsoring the report on earmarked grants to act on it.

It did so in a bill for the fiscal year 1989 that creates an $85 million Federal program to help renovate and replace aging research buildings, laboratories and equipment, which earmarked grants are most often used to maintain or replace.

Large, regionally earmarked grants from the Ford Foundation and the Dayton-Hudson Foundation have meant that the archive now has more disposable money to tape out-of-town theater than it has available for New York productions.

In 1870, the university also received a guarantee fund in the amount of 1.3 million Mark (Prussian vereinsthaler) and a construction fund of a further one million Mark annually, and 10,000 Mark as earmarked grants.

"It gets to the point everyone wants to show political muscle back home," said Senator Robert T. Stafford, Republican of Vermont, adding that he was pressured into voting for some earmarked grants last year despite his opposition to bypassing scientific review procedures.

In the interim, Mr. Rosenzweig added, the association will fight any effort to extend earmarking to cover funds for scientific projects but will not engage in "vain efforts" to oppose specific earmarked grants for research buildings, once they come up in Congress.

Indeed, the National Science Foundation and the Defense Department earmarked grants last September totaling $3.5 million for a three-year research program, the Open Source Quality Project, led by Alex Aiken of the University of California at Berkeley.

While the first Arts Minister, Jenny Lee, boasted of handing cash to the council to spend as it wished, the 'arm's length principle' was progressively eroded by later ministers who earmarked grants for government approved schemes (The Art Newspaper, No.17, April 1992, p.1).

Representative Jim Slattery, the Kansas Democrat who led the fight to rescind the Welk museum grant, now proposes a modest antidote to the usual logrolling: Shed more light on the process by requiring a separate listing of all specially earmarked grants for everyone to see before Congress votes on appropriations.