cytosine arabinoside

Cytosine arabinoside is an antimetabolic agent with the chemical name of '1β-arabinofuranosylcytosine'.

It is currently combined with cytosine arabinoside as a first line treatment of acute myeloid leukemia.

Prompt change of therapy to cladribine (2-CdA) and/or cytosine arabinoside may provide an improvement in overall survival.

Cytosine arabinoside interferes with the synthesis of DNA.

It is called cytosine arabinoside because it combines a cytosine base with an arabinose sugar.

Clearance of microsphere-entrapped 5-fluorouracil and cytosine arabinoside from the vitreous of primates (1992)

Cytosine arabinoside (Cytarabine)

Chemotherapy with combination of cytosine arabinoside and either idarubicin, daunomycin, or mitoxantrone as for acute myeloid leukemia should be considered.

Infections were also carried out in the presence of 100 g/ml cycloheximide or 40 g/ml cytosine arabinoside for 7 hr.

During the S phase of cell cycle, DNA synthesis can be inhibited by using inhibitors such as thymidine, aminopterin, hydroxyurea and cytosine arabinoside.

In a study with mice published in the Japanese Journal of Cancer Research, a chemotherapy drug (cytosine arabinoside) was used to induce hair loss in rats.

Cytosine arabinoside is similar enough to human cytosine deoxyribose (deoxycytidine) to be incorporated into human DNA, but different enough that it kills the cell.

Hiddemann W, Kreutzmann H, Straif K, et al.: High-dose cytosine arabinoside and mitoxantrone: a highly effective regimen in refractory acute myeloid leukemia.

Cytosine arabinoside also inhibits both DNA and RNA polymerases and nucleotide reductase enzymes needed for DNA synthesis.

Apollonsky N, Lipton JM: Treatment of refractory Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) with a combination of 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine and cytosine arabinoside.

Other chemotherapy drugs such as chlorambucil, lomustine (CCNU), cytosine arabinoside, and mitoxantrone are sometimes used in the treatment of lymphoma by themselves or in substitution for other drugs.

Haupt HM, Hutchins GM, Moore GW: Ara-C lung: noncardiogenic pulmonary edema complicating cytosine arabinoside therapy of leukemia.

Bernard F, Thomas C, Bertrand Y, et al.: Multi-centre pilot study of 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine and cytosine arabinoside combined chemotherapy in refractory Langerhans cell histiocytosis with haematological dysfunction.

Yates J, Glidewell O, Wiernik P, et al.: Cytosine arabinoside with daunorubicin or adriamycin for therapy of acute myelocytic leukemia: a CALGB study.

Its mode of action is due to its rapid conversion into cytosine arabinoside triphosphate, which damages DNA when the cell cycle holds in the S phase (synthesis of DNA).

Additionally, omigapil can prevent NMDA and kainate receptor excitotoxicity in rat cortical neurons as well as toxicity from cytosine arabinoside (ara C) in cerebellar granule cells.

Lambertenghi-Deliliers G, Maiolo AT, Annaloro C, et al.: Idarubicin in sequential combination with cytosine arabinoside in the treatment of relapsed and refractory patients with acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia.

Results of this study showed that therapy with high-dose intravenous methotrexate and cytosine arabinoside was most successful and that intrathecal chemotherapy may be needed only when malignant cells are present in the cerebral spinal fluid.

On the basis of earlier case reports and drug inhibition of JCV in cell culture, IV and intrathecal cytaribine (cytosine arabinoside) were tested in a clinical trial, but neither exhibited clinical benefit (1191).

Cytarabine or cytosine arabinoside (Cytosar-U or Depocyt) is a chemotherapy agent used mainly in the treatment of cancers of white blood cells such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.