The Craven Faults are major crustal fractures across the Pennines.

Smoking ridges like far-flung webs of thick scar tissue gradually covered the crustal fractures.

Secondary rifts branched off the main crustal fracture, and this one was eventually occupied by the Connecticut River.

"This landslide is so extensive, we think it resulted from a new crustal fracture rather than some other mechanism," Dr. Plaut said.

Shock followed shock as the crustal fracture rose and fell and widened, creating a high-magnitude earthquake.

Basalt on Kangaroo Island probably erupted from crustal fractures just prior to the separation of Australia and Antarctica which began during this period.

Plutons followed crustal fracture systems, some of which were inherited from initial rifts, producing a rectilinear zigzag pattern of contacts between plutons, and mafic volcanics.

Wherever the focus of the earthquake actually was, it is seen as having a deep focus, probably in the lower crust, associated with the reactivation of a crustal fracture, probably within the Kent-Artois shear zone.

These peaks lie just west of a large crustal fracture or structural rift that forms a long, narrow depression passing southeast across the isthmus from the Golfo de Fonseca to the Río San Juan.

Add to this the effects of the crustal fractures and vulcanism as described in Charlie's observations of Earth (not Minerva), and there was, perhaps, enough in all that to account for the transformation of Charlie's Earth into modern Earth.