In this case the subject of the participle is coreferent to that verbal argument (participium conjuctum).

As is shown from the first of the above examples, even a coreferent subject must be expressed in the accusative when the clause is put into the infinitive.

The distinction is not purely of academic interest, as some languages do actually have different forms for her and her: for example, Norwegian translates coreferent her as sin and noncoreferent her as hennes.

There is a special so-called fourth person used to denote a third person subject of a subordinate verb or the possessor of a noun that is coreferent with the third person subject of the matrix clause.

With these verbs the participle's subject is coreferent with the verb's subject, if there is no object in the structure, or else with the object, and the participle agrees in case (nominative or accusative) with this word.