Palladium acetate was also found to be an effective cocatalyst.

They are usually used in combination with a different organoaluminum cocatalyst, methylaluminoxane (or methylalumoxane, MAO).

This cation is then applied as an efficient Ziegler-Natta α-olefin cocatalyst for the polymerization of alkenes.

MAO is a common cocatalyst (activator) for PE polymerization.

These complexes are converted to polymerization catalysts by activating them with a special organoaluminum cocatalyst, methylaluminoxane (MAO).

An enantioselective version of this reaction was subsequently reported, using chromium(III) salen fluoride as a chiral cocatalyst.

For example, methylaluminoxane is a cocatalyst for Ziegler-Natta olefin polymerization to produce vinyl polymers such as polyethene.

Reactions run at temperatures as low as 100 ⁰C are possible by using zirconium salts as a cocatalyst in place of bromide and manganese acetate.

The Mortreux system consists of the molybdenum catalyst molybdenum hexacarbonyl Mo(CO) and resorcinol cocatalyst.

Another scheme uses a strong organo-lewis acid such as B(CF) as a cocatalyst to activate polymerization through methyl abstraction thereby producing a highly reactive zwitterion form.

These catalysts are metallocenes together with a cocatalyst, typically MAO, [ O-Al-CH(CH-).

The first type of catalyst contains two components, a solid pre-catalyst, the δ-crystalline form of TiCl, and solution of an organoaluminum cocatalyst, such as Al(CH).

An efficient photocatalyst in the UV range is based on a sodium tantalite (NaTaO) doped with La and loaded with a cocatalyst nickel oxide.

Bent metallocenes as olefin polymerization catalysts date back to 1957 when Natta reported the polymerization of ethylene with the titanocene catalyst CpTiCl and the cocatalyst trimethyl aluminium, a cocatalyst traditionally used in Ziegler-Natta olefin polymerization systems.