In the theory of classical electromagnetism, free space has the following properties:

Historically, the first example of gauge symmetry to be discovered was classical electromagnetism.

For classical electromagnetism, it is Maxwell's equations that describe the dynamics.

Although classical electromagnetism is now often spoken of as a gauge theory, it was not originally conceived in these terms.

Theoretical investigation in classical electromagnetism led to the discovery of wave propagation.

It is now one of Maxwell's equations, which form the basis of classical electromagnetism.

In classical electromagnetism the two descriptions were equivalent.

This page is about reciprocity theorems in classical electromagnetism.

See Covariant formulation of classical electromagnetism for more details.

He only said if you let me 'invent' this abstract quantity, the field, I can with four equations explain all of classical electromagnetism!

Many physicists then developed a theory of electromagnetism now known as classical electromagnetism.

Grøn has conducted research within the areas of general relativity, cosmology and classical electromagnetism.

Historically, these ideas were first stated in the context of classical electromagnetism and later in general relativity.

He is also the author of a graduate text, Classical Electromagnetism in a Nutshell.

Maxwell's equations - the foundation of classical electromagnetism - describe light as a wave which moves with a characteristic velocity.

The theory of special relativity plays an important role in the modern theory of classical electromagnetism.

For a more comprehensive presentation of these topics, see Covariant formulation of classical electromagnetism.

More generally, the subject of effects caused by mass-energy currents is known as gravitomagnetism, in analogy with classical electromagnetism.

These theoretical advances eventually resulted in the superseding of classical electromagnetism by quantum electrodynamics.

He had most of his lecture notes for the graduate course in Classical Electromagnetism finished, so he was free to pursue research.

The quantitative details of classical electromagnetism yield an estimated time of about 10 -8 seconds for this collapse to occur.

Lagrangian formulation of classical electromagnetism (no charges and currents)

Mills' model allows for fractional quantum orbitals consistent with calculations in Classical electromagnetism.

This observation is at odds with classical electromagnetism, which predicts that the electron's energy should be proportional to the intensity of the radiation.

The laws and mathematical objects in classical electromagnetism can be written in a form which is manifestly covariant.