However, compared to the produced energy, the value of the fission products is low, and chemical purification is expensive.

After additional chemical purification steps over several months, Winkler isolated the pure element, germanium, on February 6, 1886 and published his results.

Use of chemical purification systems raises issues both of staining of the bladder and the possibility of weakening its material.

It is also used for buffering solutions to slightly alkaline pH during chemical purification, such as High Performance Liquid Chromatography.

Further research after chemical purification established not only that the male hormone was very similar in structure to the female hormone, but also that both were closely related to steroids.

To "simulate" zero gravity, Iyevenski, using a technique he had developed while working under Ovchinnikov, modified a conventional furnace, where porous carbon disks, after going through a chemical purification process, were "thickened" by adding multiple planes of bacterial protein.

In 1983 the laboratories of Peter Quail and Clark Lagarias reported the chemical purification of the intact phytochrome molecule, and in 1985 the first phytochrome gene sequence was published by Howard Hershey and Peter Quail.