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It turned out that not all Cepheids behaved the same.
They are much brighter than cepheids and can be seen from far greater distances.
But the nearest Cepheids are so far away that we have to do a huge triangulation.
The big advantage the supernovae had over the Cepheids was that they were about a million times as bright.
The problem is that cepheids are rare and cannot be detected in the more distant galaxies.
These stars are somewhat similar to Cepheids, but are not as luminous.
Cepheids are a class of very luminous variable stars.
The Cepheids waxed and waned, living their own intense inner lives, beyond understanding.
Cepheids are yellow supergiants of spectral class F6 - K2.
Type II Cepheids are divided into several subgroups by period.
Some other Cepheids such as Polaris are bright but have only a very small variation in brightness.
Due to their common occurrence in globular clusters, they are occasionally referred to as cluster Cepheids.
Edwin Hubble showed in 1926 that 35 of these stars were classic cepheids, thereby allowing him to estimate their distances.
The variables follow a period-luminosity relation in certain passbands like other standard candles such as Cepheids.
They were once known as Dwarf Cepheids.
The cepheids, giant pulsating stars also used in distance measurements, have recently served as yardsticks only out to 16 million light-years.
Last week's breakthrough came because astronomers, using sharper telescopes, were able to see Cepheids in a galaxy that previously had looked like a blur.
Cepheids aren't all that rare, but the Morgensterns happened to be there just when the star's surface layers were losing transparency through compression.
Type II Cepheids are variable stars which pulsate with periods typically between 1 and 50 days.
Cepheids in particular are massive stars, with short lifetimes, so they will only be found in places where stars have very recently been formed.
I killed them with supersonics a couple of days ago, while a fine argument was going on about distance-measurements by variable Cepheids of known period."
As of today, however, elliptical galaxies aren't bright enough to provide a calibration for this method through the use techniques such as Cepheids.
Cepheids have been shown to have a relationship between their absolute luminosity and the period over which their brightness varies.
Anomalous Cepheids are metal poor and have masses not much larger than the Sun's, on average, 1.5 solar masses.
Since Cepheids are an important standard candle for determining distance, Polaris, as the closest such star, is heavily studied.