cell partition

Clamp connections are present, but not at all the cell partitions.

Pupal skins, broken cell partitions, meconia, and the remains of cells where development has stopped are thrown out.

Because most Xylocopa species are not as aggressive, the defense is primarily carried out by building well constructed cell partitions, blocking nest entrance in various ways, covering the cell partitions with liquid substances, or expelling all the progeny of a nest that has been disturbed.