cataphoric

Cataphoric references can also be found in written text, for example "see page 10".

When the reader must look forward, it is termed "cataphoric reference".

A cataphoric reference refers to something within a text that has not yet been identified.

Cataphoric reference is the opposite of anaphora: a reference forward as opposed to backward in the discourse.

In this respect, the "they" can be said to form a cataphoric link with the references to "the soldiers' and" the officer"later in the narrative.

Indeed, a number of students suggested that this type of cataphoric reference was a common enough characteristic of the openings of literary texts.

This is also described as anaphoric reference (anaphor, previous referent) and cataphoric reference (cataphor, following referent).

Coherence is achieved through syntactical features such as the use of deictic, anaphoric and cataphoric elements or a logical tense structure, as well as presuppositions and implications connected to general world knowledge.

In prose fiction, a more dialogic genre, various shifts of deictic centre occur (that is, from character to character) and we are more likely to see deictic terms verified intra-textually - for example, pronominal reference given a full cataphoric form.

Moreover, they had no problems in explaining away any unusual cataphoric references as the "it" in the sentence is simply a dummy subject, an item which has no reference value and is purely a formal requirement of the grammar of English.

Finally, the cataphoric demonstrative of which there is only one refers to something which is not yet known by both the speaker and listener and is to be introduced, and may be translated as "this (which you are to know about)" or "that (which you are to know about)."

He knows the names of the muscles, knows how to attach the patches himself, and does a great deal of optional study in his own quarters, under a cataphoric dose hardly more than you might use in your own home for an entertainment tape, because he has learned how to induce a learning-state without the use of the drug.