Above a capillary fringe, pore spaces have air in them too.

The capillary fringe of the water table is the dividing line between saturated and unsaturated conditions.

Water content in the capillary fringe decreases with increasing distance above the phreatic surface.

Pores at the base of the capillary fringe are filled with water due to tension saturation.

Others define the capillary fringe as including both the tension-saturated and unsaturated portions.

Rapid salination occurs when the land surface is within the capillary fringe of saline groundwater.

Fine-grained soils create a thicker capillary fringe than coarse-grained soils.

The two zones characterized by continuous moisture films are referred to collectively as the capillary fringe, the depth of which depends on pore size.

Some workers restrict their definition of the capillary fringe only to the tension-saturated base portion and exclude it wholly from the vadose zone.

Use of dual-phase vacuum extraction with these technologies can shorten the cleanup time at a site, because the capillary fringe is often the most contaminated area.

The capillary fringe is the subsurface layer in which groundwater seeps up from a water table by capillary action to fill pores.

This saturated portion of the capillary fringe is less than total capillary rise because of the presence of a mix in pore size.

Biosparging can be used to reduce concentrations of petroleum constituents that are dissolved in groundwater, adsorbed to soil below the water table, and within the capillary fringe.

SVE is generally not effective in treating soils below the top of the capillary fringe unless water table depression pumps are used to draw down the water table.

It is not uncommon to see the capillary fringe treated as a boundary condition separating the water table from the unsaturated zone, without defining it as a significant part of either.

This area, called the capillary fringe, is often highly contaminated, as it holds undissolved chemicals, chemicals that are lighter than water, and vapors that have escaped from the dissolved groundwater below.

The transmission zone lies between the base of the active layer and the top of the capillary fringe and so it more characterizes the seasonal (instead of transient) changes of soil moisture.

A phreatophyte is a deep-rooted plant that obtains a significant portion of the water that it needs from the phreatic zone (zone of saturation) or the capillary fringe above the phreatic zone.

Pumping lifts LNAPLs, such as oil, off the top of the water table and from the capillary fringe (i.e., an area just above the saturated zone, where water is held in place by capillary forces).

Molecular diffusion controls mixing of soluble organic compounds into groundwater and transport of oxygen from underlying groundwater or the capillary fringe of the groundwater surface to micro-organisms capable of catabolizing dissolved organic compounds remaining in the effluent plume.

The lower boundary of the unsaturated zone is the top of capillary fringe controlled by the local average ground water table derived from the catchment average water table and topographic soil index which include the spatial variability of the topographic and soil parameters.

In the wetlands, ecological classification does not provide a special classification, since in this case, most of the plants in the regions of high rainfall can deepen their roots to the top of the capillary fringe immediately above the water table, and function well as a phreatophyte.