Given this situation, it is likely that anti-circumvention will have to be addressed in the context of future negotiations.

They fear mass infringement and plead for extra protection to strengthen the shield provided by copyright law and technical anti-circumvention means.

TRIPS does not address anti-circumvention.

There are two other EU Directives that address anti-circumvention of TPMs.

The Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998, which was heavily promoted by the entertainment industries, contains a provision called "anti-circumvention."

Anti-circumvention refers to laws which prohibit the circumvention of technological barriers for using a digital good in certain ways which the rightsholders do not wish to allow.

M. Perry and C. Chisick, "Copyright and Anti-circumvention:

Software company SlySoft is based in Antigua, allowing it to avoid nations with laws that are tough on anti-circumvention of technological copyright measures, in particular the DMCA in the United States.

One case based on the criminal provisions of the DMCA that relate to anti-circumvention of technological measures that has received a lot of attention is that of the arrest of Dimitri Sklyarov.

The district court concluded that RealNetworks violated the anti-circumvention and anti-trafficking provisions of the DMCA when the DVD copying software RealDVD bypasses the copy protection technologies of DVD.

This lack of progress is attributed to the differences between Asian countries, who are concerned about the expansion of anti-dumping measures, and the European Union and the United States, who are seeking agreement on rules that will provide WTO coverage for their current rules on anti-circumvention.

While Australia, Japan, and the EU have enacted legislation in compliance with their obligations under the WCT and WPPT, the U.S. is the only jurisdiction to date with a significant body of decisions demonstrating how such anti-circumvention and anti-device measures have been interpreted by their courts.