See the main article on animal echolocation for details.

The field of human and animal echolocation was surveyed in book form as early as 1959.

In the late 1930s, Galambos worked with Donald Griffin on studies of animal echolocation.

Animal echolocation (sonar)

The Thai and Burmese populations are morphology (biology) identical, but their animal echolocation calls are distinct.

It is similar in principle to active sonar and to the animal echolocation employed by some animals, including bats, dolphins and toothed whales.

In 1938, while an undergraduate at Harvard University, he began studying the navigational method of bats, which he identified as animal echolocation in 1944.

In October "knocks" and "clicks" were recorded by another hydrophone in Urquhart Bay, indicative of animal echolocation.

The bats use Animal echolocation to detect water ripples made by the fish upon which they prey, then use sharp claws to catch and cling to the fish.

Unlike some man-made sonars that rely on many extremely narrow beams and many receivers to localize a target (multibeam sonar), animal echolocation has only one transmitter and two receivers (the ears).

Spallanzani is also famous for extensive experiments on the navigation in complete darkness by bats, where he concluded that bats use sound and their ears for navigation in total darkness (see animal echolocation).