toll-like receptors , TLRs (skrót)

So-called Toll-like receptors are found on the surface of white blood cells.

Toll-like receptors are also critical for T cell entry into the brain.

The toll-like receptors are the main sensors of infection in mammals.

Most mammalian species have between ten and fifteen types of Toll-like receptors.

TLR2 is one of the toll-like receptors and plays a role in the immune system.

Their presence is sensed by toll-like receptors on dendritic cells.

Drugs acting through the toll-like receptors have attracted a lot of scientific and pharmaceutical industry attention.

The most powerful are toll-like receptors that recognize the unique characteristics of foreign invaders.

IL-8 can be secreted by any cells with toll-like receptors that are involved in the innate immune response.

We know this because biologists have found genes coding for toll-like receptors in many different metazoans.

Humans have 10 known active toll-like receptors.

These toll-like receptors can recognise bacteria as 'foreign', and are the starting-point for immune reactions.

Toll-like receptors have also been shown to be expressed on immune cells like T cells.

Its mammalian homologues, the toll-like receptors, were discovered by Beutler.

For over a decade researchers have known about one group of external sensors called Toll-like receptors that detect when bacteria are nearby.

Toll-like receptors are part of the innate immune system, which is the body's first line of defense against pathogens.

Interestingly, Toll-like receptors were identified in mammals.

CD22 is normally up-regulated by lipopolysaccharide binding to Toll-like receptors.

Toll-like receptors are now counted among the key molecules that alert the immune system to the presence of microbial infections.

These zwitterionic teichoic acids are suspected ligands for toll-like receptors 2 and 4.

Certain microbe-sensing proteins, known as Toll-like receptors, found on the surface of cells in the body are also thought to be involved in these processes.

But now scientists realize that the toll-like receptors in the innate system are necessary for activating the adaptive system.

Among the receptors of amphoterin includes toll-like receptors.

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in the innate immune system.

Toll-like receptors have also been shown to be an important link between innate and adaptive immunity through their presence in dendritic cells.