Rayleigh-Bénard convection

A typical test for one's model is the Rayleigh-Bénard convection for .

This fluid circulation is known as Rayleigh-Bénard convection.

An analogy is drawn between mind and some emergent behavior seen in inanimate nature, such as Rayleigh-Bénard convection.

Rayleigh-Bénard convection is one of the most commonly studied convection phenomena because of its analytical and experimental accessibility.

This particular type of convection, where a horizontal layer of fluid is heated from below, is known as Rayleigh-Bénard convection.

Rayleigh-Bénard Convection: Structures and Dynamics (World Scientific).

Convection, especially Rayleigh-Bénard convection, where the convecting fluid is contained by two rigid horizontal plates, is a convenient example of a pattern forming system.

The features of Rayleigh-Bénard convection can be obtained by a simple experiment first conducted by Henri Bénard, a French physicist, in 1900.

Nonetheless in modern usage "Rayleigh-Bénard convection" refers to the effects due to temperature, whereas "Bénard-Marangoni convection" refers specifically to the effects of surface tension.

Rayleigh-Bénard convection is also sometimes known as "Bénard-Rayleigh convection", "Bénard convection", or "Rayleigh convection".

The last proposed formation mechanism is it arises from Rayleigh-Bénard convection, where differential heating (cooling at the top and heating at the bottom) of a layer causes convective overturning.

In 1979, Albert J. Libchaber, during a symposium organized in Aspen by Pierre Hohenberg, presented his experimental observation of the bifurcation cascade that leads to chaos and turbulence in Rayleigh-Bénard convection systems.

Analyzing the Rayleigh-Bénard convection cell phenomenon, Chandrasekhar (1961) wrote "Instability occurs at the minimum temperature gradient at which a balance can be maintained between the kinetic energy dissipated by viscosity and the internal energy released by the buoyancy force."

Many people have witnessed the RT instability by looking at a Lava lamp, although some might claim this is more accurately described as an example of Rayleigh-Bénard convection due to the active heating of the fluid layer at the bottom of the lamp.

Rayleigh-Bénard convection, whose effects are due solely to a temperature gradient, was first successfully analyzed by Lord Rayleigh; Rayleigh assumed boundary conditions in which the vertical velocity component and temperature disturbance vanish at the top and bottom boundaries (perfect thermal conduction).

In cases in which they depend on concentration as well, the equation becomes nonlinear, giving rise to many distinctive mixing phenomena such as Rayleigh-Bénard convection when depends on temperature in the heat transfer formulation and reaction-diffusion pattern formation when s depends on concentration in the mass transfer formulation.