This is part of the argument used in the Rare Earth hypothesis.

The Rare Earth hypothesis emerges as one of the few solutions left standing by the end of the book.

The rare Earth hypothesis suggests they should be very rare, save ones composed of microbial life only.

Rare Earth hypothesis, a hypothesis in planetary astronomy and astrobiology.

In the book's conclusion, the authors say the Rare Earth hypothesis is testable, and they strongly encourage such work.

Other scientists, especially proponents of the Rare Earth hypothesis, disagree that red dwarfs can sustain life.

Critics also point to a link between the Rare Earth Hypothesis and the creationist ideas of intelligent design.

This fact is important if position in the galaxy is related to habitability, as suggested by the Rare Earth hypothesis.

Since 2010 he writes essays for Rzeczpospolita, concerning topics such as rare Earth hypothesis and futurology.

The Rare Earth hypothesis argues that the emergence of complex life requires a host of fortuitous circumstances.

Authors that advocate the Rare Earth hypothesis:

See Rare Earth hypothesis.

The Rare Earth hypothesis further argues that the axis tilt cannot be too large or too small (relative to the orbital plane).

Having such a slow rotation would weaken the magnetic effect that protects the atmosphere from being blown away by solar wind (see Rare Earth hypothesis).

Religious reasons for doubting the existence of extraterrestrial intelligent life resemble some forms of the Rare Earth Hypothesis.

It ranges from the extreme Rare Earth Hypothesis estimates - one (i.e. the Earth) to hundreds of billions.

Among the exoplanets documented, however, none have been found that meet some important Rare Earth hypothesis criterion such as surface water, tectonic plates or a large moon.

Insofar as the Rare Earth Hypothesis privileges life on Earth and its process of formation, it is a variant of the anthropic principle.

According to David Darling, the Rare Earth hypothesis is neither hypothesis nor prediction, but merely a description of how life arose on Earth.

Carl Sagan and Frank Drake, for instance, could well be considered "pluralists" while proponents of the Rare Earth hypothesis are modern skeptics.

According to this analysis, the Rare Earth hypothesis confuses a description of how life on Earth arose with a uniform conclusion of how life must arise.

Very low estimates would contribute to the Rare Earth hypothesis, which posits that a series of extremely unlikely events and conditions led to the rise of life on Earth.

By concluding that complex life is uncommon, the Rare Earth hypothesis is a possible solution to the Fermi paradox: "If extraterrestrial aliens are common, why aren't they obvious?"

In it, they discussed the Rare Earth hypothesis, in which they claim that Earth-like life is rare in the Universe, while microbial life is common.

The Mediocrity principle suggests that planets like the Earth should be common in an infinite universe, while the Rare Earth hypothesis suggests that they are extremely rare.