Male heterzygous mice had a decreased respiratory quotient.

Homozygous mutant males had decreased body weight, body length and respiratory quotient.

Because the gas exchange in this reaction is equal, the respiratory quotient for carbohydrate is unity or 1.0:

The respiratory quotient (RQ) is calculated from the ratio:

Respiratory quotient (R)

The respiratory quotient for protein metabolism can be demonstrated by the chemical equation for oxidation of albumin:

Female homozygotes had a decreased respiratory quotient, increased circulating alkaline phosphatase level and increased leukocyte cell number.

Measuring the threshold can also be performed non-invasively using gas-exchange (Respiratory quotient) methods, which requires a metabolic cart to measure air inspired and expired.

In Diptera and Hymenoptera, with asynchronous fibrillar flight-muscles, a respiratory quotient of unity during flight indicates that carbohydrates are the main substrate.

The CO loss tells us the energy produced, if we know or can estimate the respiratory quotient (ratio of CO produced to oxygen used).

Measuring this ratio can be used for estimating the respiratory quotient (RQ), an indicator of which fuel (carbohydrate or fat) is being metabolized to supply the body with energy.

The Respiratory Quotient (R.Q.) of an organism is the ratio of the volume of carbon dioxide given off to the volume of oxygen absorbed during respiration.

Saito S, Tomonobu K, Hase T, Tokimitsu I. Effects of diacylglycerol on postprandial energy expenditure and respiratory quotient in healthy subjects.

The respiratory quotient (or RQ or respiratory coefficient), is a dimensionless number used in calculations of basal metabolic rate (BMR) when estimated from carbon dioxide production.

Once this is known, the total metabolic rate may be estimated from simplifying assumptions regarding the ratio of oxygen used in metabolism (and therefore heat generated), to carbon dioxide eliminated (see respiratory quotient).

Studies of energy metabolism using both methods provide convincing evidence for the validity of the respiratory quotient (R.Q.), which measures the inherent composition and utilization of carbohydrates, fats and proteins as they are converted to energy substrate units that can be used by the body as energy.

In both animals and humans, the test is made more accurate if a single determination of respiratory quotient has been made for the organism eating the standard diet at the time of measurement, since this value changes relatively little (and more slowly) compared with the much larger metabolic rate changes related to thermoregulation and activity.