Miller cycle

However, in the Miller cycle, this is compensated for by the use of a supercharger.

This engine will work on the Miller cycle.

In a typical spark ignition engine, the Miller cycle yields an additional benefit.

The Miller cycle restores the lost power by force-feeding the engine with a supercharger.

The overview given above may describe a modern version of the Miller cycle but it differs in some respects from the 1957 patent.

In engineering, the Miller cycle is a combustion process used in a type of internal combustion engine.

This two-stage intake stroke creates the so called "fifth" stroke that the Miller cycle introduces.

There are a number of variations of these cycles, most notably the Atkinson and Miller cycles.

In the Miller cycle, the intake valve is left open longer than it would be in an Otto cycle engine.

The engine in the Mazda Millenia uses a modification of the Otto cycle called the Miller cycle.

This means that the engine can be self supercharged (see supercharger), or operate as a Miller cycle / Atkinson cycle.

The KJ-ZEM Miller cycle engine had a 6,000 rpm redline, but was only available with an automatic transmission.

A key aspect of the Miller cycle is that the compression stroke actually starts only after the piston has pushed out this "extra" charge and the intake valve closes.

Following its long-held fascination with alternative engine technology, Mazda introduced the first Miller cycle engine for automotive use in the Millenia luxury sedan of 1995.

The 16 cylinder 4 stroke engine uses the Miller cycle, which GE claims increases fuel efficiency over conventional 4 stroke engines, as well as reducing emissions.

Some potential solutions to increase fuel efficiency to meet new mandates include firing after the piston is farthest from the crankshaft, known as top dead centre, and applying the Miller cycle.

The Millenia was available in the USA with (The "Millenia S" spec) or without the Miller Cycle engine.

These engines are generally found on hybrid electric vehicles, where efficiency is the goal, and the power lost compared to the Miller cycle is made up through the use of electric motors.

MILLER CYCLE - Because the simplest form of the Atkinson cycle cuts engine breathing by about 30 percent, such engines develop low power for their size.

More recently, Subaru has combined a Miller cycle flat-4 with a hybrid driveline for their concept "Turbo Parallel Hybrid" car, known as the Subaru B5-TPH.

It was the only production car in the world to employ a Miller cycle engine (The current Demio/Mazda2 features Miller Cycle on one of its engines).

Four-stroke engines of this type with this same type of intake valve motion but with a supercharger to make up for the loss of power density are known as Miller cycle engines.

Due to the reduced compression stroke of a Miller cycle engine, a higher overall cylinder pressure (supercharger pressure plus mechanical compression) is possible, and therefore a Miller cycle engine has better efficiency.

The effective compression ratio can be reduced from the geometric ratio by closing the intake valve either very late or very early with some form of variable valve actuation (i.e. variable valve timing permitting Miller cycle).

The patent states: "Other methods of reducing pumping loss rely on variable valve timing, as in the Miller cycle...these are only partially succssful because they still employ a full intake and compression stroke with the accompanying mechanical frictional losses".