But Langmuir probes work only at low temperatures, far below that needed for fusion.

A Langmuir probe can be used to determine the plasma parameters, such as density and temperature.

Data collection is done by using a Langmuir probe in various experimental configurations and biasing conditions.

Understanding electron saturation is one of the most important outstanding problems of Langmuir probe theory.

Uncertainties of this magnitude arise several places in the analysis of Langmuir probe data and are very difficult to resolve.

Langmuir probes (for electron temperature of a plasma)

Without quantitative modeling of the bulk resistivity, Langmuir probes can only give an upper limit on the electron temperature.

He was the first amateur in the world to detect electron trapping using a Langmuir probe inside a Polywell.

Collisions between ions and electrons will also affect the I-V characteristic of a Langmuir probe.

Conventional Langmuir probe theory assumes collisionless movement of charge carriers in the space charge sheath around the probe.

Instrument payload for an orbiter could include a radio subsystem, laser altimeter, magnetometer, Langmuir probe, and a mapping camera.

A Langmuir probe can be purchased off the shelf for on the order of 15,000 U.S. dollars, or they can be built by an experienced researcher and/or technician.

Langmuir probe measurements are based on the estimation of current versus voltage characteristics of a circuit consisting of two metallic electrodes that are both immersed in the plasma under study.

A Langmuir probe is a device named after Nobel Prize winning physicist Irving Langmuir, used to determine the electron temperature, electron density, and electric potential of a plasma.

He introduced the concept of electron temperature and in 1924 invented the diagnostic method for measuring both temperature and density with an electrostatic probe, now called a Langmuir probe and commonly used in plasma physics.

Nonlinear effects like the I-V-characteristic of the boundary sheath are utilized for Langmuir probe measurements but they are usually neglected for modelling of RF discharges due to their very inconvenient mathematical treatment.

Planar Langmuir Probe (PLP): A two sensor package consisting an ion trap designed to measure ion density fluctuations and a Langmuir probe.

Vector Electric Field Instrument (VEFI): VEFI is a collection of instruments including 6 electric field booms, a 3-axis magnetometer, a spherical Langmuir probe, and a lightning detector.

SSIESS includes a Retarding Potential Analyzer (RPA), and Ion Drift meter (IDM), a scintillation meter, and a Langmuir probe.

The beginning of Langmuir probe theory is the I-V characteristic of the Debye sheath, that is, the current density flowing to a surface in a plasma as a function of the voltage drop across the sheath.

The payload consisted of a vacuum tube and a Langmuir probe, but the launch (on August 22, 1946 at White Sands Missile Range) was unsuccessful, with the V-2 crashing only a quarter-mile away from the launch site.

Thus in plasmas with isotropic electron distributions, the electron current on a surface of the cylindrical Langmuir probe at plasma potential is defined by the average electron thermal velocity and can be written down as equation (see Eqs.