The model is defined as a cellular automaton on a grid with L cells.

Several reports have showed the coexistence of these two peptides in the same endocrine cell type, which has been named the L cell.

GLP-2 is produced by the intestinal endocrine L cell and by various neurons in the central nervous system.

This study suggests that bile salt stimulation of the open type endocrine cells (L cells) containing these peptides may represent such a mechanism.

The L cells have much more intercellular free space and do not surround the host cell as tightly as Hela cells.

Though HeLa cells were able to accomplish invasion after several hours the L cells are structurally different rendering them inadequate.

GLP-1 secretion by ileal L cells is dependent on the presence of nutrients in the lumen of the small intestine.

PYY is found in L cells in the mucosa of gastrointestinal tract, especially in ileum and colon.

The major source of GLP-1 in the body is the intestinal L cell that secretes GLP-1 as a gut hormone.

It is generated in the alpha cells of the pancreas and in the intestinal L cells in the distal ileum and colon.

Similarly, M cells detect medium wavelength colors, such as green and yellow, and L cells detect long wavelength colors, like red.

IL-6 also appears to have systemic effects on the liver, adipose tissue and the immune system, and mediates crosstalk between intestinal L cells and pancreatic islets.

In intestinal L cells, proglucagon is cleaved to the alternate products glicentin, GLP-1 (an incretin), IP-2, and GLP-2 (promotes intestinal growth).

As shown in Fig. 3, LEC cells expressed E-cadherin and avidly bound LC, whereas few LC attached to L cells lacking cadherins.

L cells were transfected with expression vectors carrying the mouse E-cadherin cDNA (pBATEM2) and the neomycin-resistance gene (pBATneoβ) as described.

The genes producing these peptides are quite distinct but it is not clear whether both peptides are produced in all L cells, as dual localisation is only seen in a proportion of them.

The ability of TC-fresh LC and TC-cultured LC to attach to KC, L cells and LEC cells was also quantified (b).

L cells, E-cadherin-transfected L cells (LEC cells) and cultured murine KC were analysed for cadherin expression as described (Fig. 1).

FDC-SP has an effect on B cell migration when used in conjunction with L cells, and migration is significantly increased when the B cells are stimulated with anti-CD40 plus IL-4.

Methods Cells Mouse L cells secreting Wnt-3A were established in our lab, by transfecting expression constructs in which the Wnt-3A cDNA [ 34 ] is driven by the PGK promoter.

To stimulate the NCCIT cells with Wnt, we used tissue culture medium containing active Wnt-3A protein produced by mouse L cells (Wnt-3A CM [ 8 ] ), in comparison to control conditioned medium (CCM).