Akureyri disease (also called Iceland disease) is used for an outbreak of fatigue symptoms in Iceland.

Two smaller clusters in the United States during 1950 were diagnosed as "Epidemic neuromyasthenia" and "resembling Iceland disease simulating acute anterior poliomyelitis."

Outbreaks in Iceland were called "Akureyri disease" or "simulating poliomyelitis" and were later called "Iceland disease."

The clinical symptoms have been described in the medical literature for at least half a century under such names as epidemic neuromyasthenia, myalgic encephalitis, Iceland disease, Royal Free disease and postviral fatigue syndrome.