Cytokine mediated up regulation of endothelial intercellular adhesion molecules may be associated with severity of the disease.

Mammalian intercellular adhesion molecules include:

ICAM stands for intercellular adhesion molecule.

Interleukin 6 is associated with subclinical atherosclerosis: a link with soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1.

Intercellular adhesion molecule 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ICAM5 gene.

Thus the rhinoviruses - RNA viruses responsible for about a half of common colds - bind to intercellular adhesion molecules on respiratory epithelium.

Genetic defects can also inhibit normal epithelial integrity, such as defects in intercellular adhesion molecules that result in blistering diseases.

The protein encoded by this gene is a type of intercellular adhesion molecule continuously present in low concentrations in the membranes of leukocytes and endothelial cells.

Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) has a central role in airway inflammation in asthma, and it is the receptor for 90% of Human rhinoviruses.

It is rigid, elongated and monomeric and interacts with intercellular adhesion molecule 1 through the Duffy binding Lβ domain alone, forming a 1:1 complex.

The intercellular adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and soluble ICAM-1 have antagonistic effects on the tight junctions forming the blood-testis barrier.

The end result includes activation of arachidonic acid pathway and production of thromboxane A, production of IL-8, platelet-activating factor, and several intercellular adhesion molecules.

In molecular biology, intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAMs) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) are part of the immunoglobulin superfamily.

Most of the rhinovirus serotypes bind to intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM), whereas approximately 10% of the serotypes bind to the low-density lipoprotein receptor.

Lastly, the intercellular adhesion molecule, ICAM-1, a cluster B gene, was previously found to be increased on inflamed airway epithelium in a primate model of pulmonary inflammation [ 34].

ICAM-1 (Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1) also known as CD54 (Cluster of Differentiation 54) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ICAM1 gene.

The LW glycoprotein has recently been renamed ICAM-4 due to its similarity to intercellular adhesion molecule, although exactly which integrins bind to ICAM-4 is subject to controversy.

They expressed very low levels of costimulatory molecules (intercellular adhesion molecule ICAM1, CD40, CD80, CD86) and of the T cell area-homing chemokine receptor CCR7.

In addition, IL-10 suppresses the expression of MHC class II molecules and costimulatory molecules such as intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and B7, leading to reduction in T-cell macrophage interactions [ 8 9 10 ] .

Another group of immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules includes the so called intercellular adhesion molecules, ICAM-1 and ICAM-2, which are more widely expressed, for example, on epithelial and endothelial cells, and V-CAM, which is expressed on endothelial cells.

The products of the early phase reaction include chemokines and molecules that act on endothelial cells and cause them to express Intercellular adhesion molecule (such as vascular cell adhesion molecule and selectins), which together result in the recruitment and activation of leukocytes from the blood into the site of the allergic reaction.