Gibbs-Duhem equation

These relationships are related to each other through the Gibbs-Duhem equation.

In a similar way, he also obtained what later came to be known as the "Gibbs-Duhem equation".

The Gibbs-Duhem equation can be derived by using this technique.

The Gibbs-Duhem equation is useful because it relates individual chemical potentials.

This yields, when applied only to the first term and using the Gibbs-Duhem equation,:

Deriving the Gibbs-Duhem equation from basic thermodynamic state equations is straightforward.

This equation is only applicable for binary systems that follow the equations of state and the Gibbs-Duhem equation.

In thermodynamics, the Gibbs-Duhem equation describes the relationship between changes in chemical potential for components in a thermodynamical system:

In chemical thermodynamics the term used for the chemical potential energy is chemical potential, and for chemical transformation an equation most often used is the Gibbs-Duhem equation.

Chemical potentials can be used to explain the slopes of lines on a phase diagram by using the Clapeyron equation, which in turn can be derived from the Gibbs-Duhem equation.

By normalizing the above equation by the extent of a system, such as the total number of moles, the Gibbs-Duhem equation provides a relationship between the intensive variables of the system.

Combining expressions for the Gibbs-Duhem equation in each phase and assuming systematic equilibrium (i.e. that the temperature and pressure is constant throughout the system), we recover the Gibbs' phase rule.