In 1993, Balls became the first Head of the European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods.

Hartung is the former head of European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM).

European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM), an online database of toxicology non-animal alternative test methods.

We were delighted when there was news from the European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM) that a number of methods proposed as an alternative to animal experiments had been scientifically validated.