Further research may be useful in the optimisation of DNA vaccination, especially in the food animal industry.

Recombinant alphavirus-based vectors have also been used to improve DNA vaccination efficiency.

These include DNA vaccination and recombinant viral vectors.

In August 2007, a preliminary study in DNA vaccination against multiple sclerosis was reported as being effective.

Another approach to DNA vaccination is expression library immunization (ELI).

Effects of Chemical Adjuvants on DNA vaccination.

It can also be using to generate immunity from contagious disease, such as TB, via the process of DNA vaccination.

DNA vaccinations can thus be used to curb viral infections by non-destructive IFN-mediated control.

Unlike conventional DNA vaccinations, however, alphavirus vectors kill transfected cells, and are only transiently expressed.

Additionally, the titres of specific antibodies raised by DNA vaccination are lower than those obtained after vaccination with a recombinant protein.

- Effects of Multiple Copies of CpG on DNA Vaccination.

DNA vaccination is a technique for protecting an organism against disease by injecting it with genetically engineered DNA to produce an immunological response.

Gene augmentation Targeted Inhibition (using Antisense or antigene technology) Cell Killing (either direct or assisted) and DNA vaccination.

DNA vaccination generates an effective immune memory via the display of antigen-antibody complexes on follicular dendritic cells (FDC), which are potent B-cell stimulators.

Induction of Th1 type response by DNA vaccinations with N, M, and E genes against SARS-CoV in mice.

Research on the use of naked DNA for DNA vaccinations and gene therapy has shown some initial success, but have not yet resulted in any generally available therapy.

DNA vaccination - in recent years a new type of vaccine called DNA vaccination, created from an infectious agent's DNA, has been developed.

"It's an exciting development because it shows that DNA vaccination will get simpler and simpler," said Dr. Stephen Albert Johnston, the director of the Center for Biomedical Inventions at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas and a pioneer in genetic vaccination.

Her research interests include: Developing nano-particles for the delivery of anti cancer drugs to the brain and other organs; developing nano-delivery system for DNA vaccination; and tissue engineering of heart and blood vessels under the auspices of Technion's Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute (RBNI).