Brønsted-Lowry acid-base theory was published in the same year.

Thus the aqua cations behave as acids in terms of Brønsted-Lowry acid-base theory.

Brønsted-Lowry acid-base theory has several advantages over Arrhenius theory.

Carboxylic acids are Brønsted-Lowry acid-base theory - they are proton donors.

In non-aqueous reactions, water is less likely to be formed; however, there is always a donation of protons (see Brønsted-Lowry acid-base theory).

This observation is consistent with Brønsted-Lowry acid-base theory (published in 1923) but cannot be explained under older Arrhenius theory approaches.

The hydron itself is crucial in more general Brønsted-Lowry acid-base theory, which extends the concept of acid-base chemistry beyond aqueous solutions.

The concepts of Lewis acid-base theory and Brønsted-Lowry acid-base theory may be applied to surfaces, however there is no general theory that serves to determine surface acidity or basicity.

This led in 1923 to his formulation of the protonic definition of acids and bases, now known as Brønsted-Lowry acid-base theory, independently of the work by Johannes Nicolaus Brønsted.

According to Brønsted-Lowry acid-base theory, acids are substances that donate a positive hydrogen ion to another substance in a chemical reaction; by extension, a base is the substance which receives that hydrogen ion.

This in turn increases the polarity of the O-H bond, which now acts as a proton donor under Brønsted-Lowry acid-base theory to release the hydrogen as a H+ ion, increasing the acidity of the solution.