Values of the various spin–orbit splittings and deformation potentials are discussed.

It has an unusual multipeaked line shape whose components are more closely spaced than the typical 1.15-eV S 2p spin-orbit splitting.

Another way to predict magic (and semi-magic) numbers is by laying out the idealized filling order (with spin-orbit splitting but energy levels not overlapping).

The calculated spin–orbit splitting of the 22II state in TlI is in good agreement with the observed value of 0.83 eV.

An analysis of these observations provides valuable information regarding crystal and spin-orbit splittings within the Q band and also regarding the nature of the photophysical product in the hole-burning process.

Values of spin–orbit splitting Δso and crystal field splitting Δcf have been determined and the temperature variation of these explained in terms of contributions from d orbitals to the valence band.

The fractional volume changes in Ge epilayers have been measured by X-ray photoelectron diffraction and are used to correct the valence band maximum shifts caused by strained-induced spin-orbit splitting at the maxima.

The ratio of the spin-orbit splitting of the bands to the forbidden gap becomes a parameter that evaluates the effect of spin-orbit coupling, and it is generically of the order of unity.

The atomic interaction for example splits bands which would be otherwise degenerate and the particular form of this spin-orbit splitting (typically of the order of few to few hundred millielectronvolts) depends on the particular system.

Our new results give corrected values for the ground state spin–orbit splittings; they also illustrate very clearly the problem of the correlation of the various centrifugal distortion parameters appearing in the Hamiltonian for a triplet electronic state.

Aspects of partial ion yield measurements (particularly the PF3+ yield of PF3 and the SPF3+ yield of SPF3) support this interpretation by revealing isolated single states without a corresponding partner at the spin-orbit splitting.

In linear molecules, only Π states give a spin-orbit splitting, and this can aid in the assignment; similarly in non-linear molecules only E states (where the electron has been removed from a molecular orbital of e symmetry) show the effect.

The strong spin-orbit coupling in TMDC monolayers leads to a spin-orbit splitting of hundreds meV in the valence band and a few meV in the conduction band, which allows control of the electron spin by tuning the excitation laser photon energy.

Due to the spin-orbit splitting of the 7p subshell being very large in flerovium, and the fact that both flerovium's filled orbitals in the seventh shell are stabilized relativistically, the valence electron configuration of flerovium may be considered to have a completely filled shell, making flerovium a very noble metal.