Precision may be considered at three levels: repeatability, intermediate precision and reproducibility.

The extent to which intermediate precision should be established depends on the circumstances under which the procedure is intended to be used.

Intermediate precision expresses within laboratories variations: different days different analysts, different equipment, etc.

It is to be expected that the intermediate precision standard deviation will be larger than the repeatability standard deviation, as is the case in Figure 1.

Another method is using angle of arrival (AoA) and it occurs when the device is in range of at least two cell sites, produces intermediate precision.

Common validation characteristics include: accuracy, precision (repeatability and intermediate precision), specificity, detection limit, quantitation limit, linearity, range, and robustness.

Accuracy Precision Repeatability Intermediate Precision Specificity Detection Limit Quantitation Limit Linearity Range Each of these validation characteristics is defined in the attached Glossary.