velarization

Class 1 and 5 nouns derived from these verbs do not cause any velarization to the prefix.

Most other labialized sounds also have simultaneous velarization, and the process may then be more precisely called labio-velarization.

With non-dorsal consonants, labialization may include velarization as well.

They are pronounced with velarization by the Iraqi and Persian Gulf speakers.

Secondary articulations (aspiration, labialization, velarization, palatalization, etc.) are not used in Czech.

Elsewhere, velarization is common, though alveolar /n/ can appear among some educated speakers, especially in the media or in singing.

The heavy accent is often pharyngealization, where the consonants are pronounced with a constricted voicebox, or velarization.

In addition, the acoustic quality of velarization and pharyngealization is very similar; as a result, no language uses both of these articulations contrastively.

(Elsewhere this diacritic generally indicates simultaneous labialization and velarization.)

These positions are only approximate, as vowels are strongly influenced by the palatalization and velarization of surrounding consonants.

It is usually described as a concomitant pharyngealization, but in most sedentary varieties it is actually velarization, or a combination of the two.

In the International Phonetic Alphabet, velarization is transcribed by one of three diacritics:

Rounding without velarization, found in Shona and in the Bzyb dialect of Abkhaz.

The sound changes are nasalization, palatalization, alveolarization, velarization, vowel elision, vowel raising, and labialization.

These are consonants that are pronounced with the root of the tongue retracted, with varying degrees of pharyngealization and velarization.

Velarization is not apparent before long back vowels and palatalization is not apparent before non-low front vowels.

In most Valencian dialects, the degree of velarization of /l/ is usually less perceptible if compared to other Catalan dialects.

Velarization is a secondary articulation of consonants by which the back of the tongue is raised toward the velum during the articulation of the consonant.

Another analysis (, ) is that vowel-initial words, again at an abstract level, all begin with one of two semivowels, one triggering palatalization and the other triggering velarization of a preceding consonant.

It also has a secondary articulation of velarization or pharyngealization, meaning that the back or root of the tongue approaches the soft palate (velum), or the back of the throat, respectively.

Velarization and pharyngealization are generally associated with more dental articulations of coronal consonants so that dark l tends to be dental or denti-alveolar while clear l tends to be retracted to an alveolar position.

Other languages that have this distinction in some form include Albanian (which phonemically contrasts light l vs. dark ll), Catalan and Portuguese (both with non-contrastive different degrees of velarization dependent on dialect or syllable position) and Turkish.

These remnants of nasal vowels in the Eonavian language explain that in this language the syllables ended in nasal coda are always opened, necessary consequence of these sounds velarization, stage prior to the formation of vocalism nasal.

Thus, in Arabic emphasis is synonymous with a secondary articulation involving retraction of the dorsum or root of the tongue, which has variously been described as velarization or pharyngealization depending on where the locus of the retraction is assumed to be.

Velarization of postvocalic /n/ is so spread in the Americas that it is easier to mention those regions that maintain an alveolar, Castilian-style, /n/: most of Mexico, Colombia (except for coastal dialects) and Argentina (except for some northern regions).