The Senate trial focused on Stanton's removal, the most substantive charge.

She said her clients had denied all the substantive charges brought by Dr. Prego.

The official went on to say: "The only threat to this nomination will come if there's some proven and substantive charge against Tower.

Martial law sentences handed down in absentia were quashed, although defendants would have to face trial on any substantive charges.

The rule of Pinkerton does service where the conspiracy is one to commit offenses of the character described in the substantive charges.

(b) Registered land The Board will register either a substantive charge or a notice or caution, depending upon the practice of the individual Board.

No substantive charges surfaced in the 20-minute session, committee aides said, and Judge Ginsburg seemed headed for an easy if not unanimous confirmation after three days of public testimony.

But the jury declared itself at a stalemate on the more substantive charges, including more than 50 counts of securities fraud, mail fraud, bank fraud and money laundering.

That finding was enough to support a conviction on the conspiracy charge, but not on the substantive charge of aiding and abetting the plot, which would have required direct knowledge.

Though Siegelman was not convicted on the substantive charge related to the motorcycle and though he did not benefit financially from the contribution, Fuller sentenced him to 88 months.

For this reason diapering must not be so obtrusive or so heavily drawn that it could be mistaken for a substantive charge or for a variation of the field.

"On the one hand, the substantive charge does require explaining more complicated facts, but you typically have a much more sustained period of behavior by the defendant that you can rely on to prove things."

Both cases were clearly bedevilled by the combination of conspiracy and related substantive charges, although of the two only Novac had reached the Court of Appeal when the Practice Direction was issued.

"In this particular case, they clearly didn't have evidence of the substantive charges," said Amy E. Millard, a former federal prosecutor who is now a partner at Clayman & Rosenberg in New York.

Second, most people know that there was no crime - only a tacky, ill-advised affair between childish and reckless adults - until Kenneth W. Starr maneuvered Bill Clinton into perjury about that affair after failing to nail him on more substantive charges.