In addition, there was a $50 million subordinated loan from Swiss Bank.

Typically, the investors have a mixture of subordinated loans and equity investments.

Subordinated loans typically have a lower credit rating, and, therefore, a higher yield than senior debt.

Rothwell said the remaining $50 million would be converted into a three-year subordinated loan.

But it may have sought to avoid the position of foreclosing on its own interest, as represented by the $50 million subordinated loan.

Big banks would be asked to buy new Nippon Credit stock and insurance companies to make subordinated loans.

Subordinated loan capital of £40m was obtained during the year, increasing gross capital for future requirements.

The offeror will have a choice of issuing secured, unsecured or subordinated loan stock.

Subordinated loan stock will rank behind all unsecured creditors but ahead of preference shareholders and ordinary shareholders.

While subordinated debt may be issued in a public offering, major shareholders and parent companies are more frequent buyers of subordinated loans.

The banks, for instance, are large buyers of the insurers' subordinated loans, and the life insurers are the largest shareholders of the banks.

But it may be at least as tough to gain the help of other financial institutions that own shares in Nippon Credit or have extended subordinated loans.

In practice, these are essentially subordinated loans and dividend rights capital, but not other financial instruments, such as loans, convertible loans and other outside funds.

Recently they worked together on amendments to a bankruptcy bill, which was to be voted on in the Duma in late 2006, making subordinated loans equivalent to capital.

These funds were then used to provide subordinated loans to the business community and universities, thus giving tremendous momentum to investments for the coming years at this point in the crisis.

The Nihon Keizai Shimbun reported that the government also intended to repay fully the bank's 80 billion yen in subordinated loans and subordinated bonds.

Along with its support of TC projects since 1996, they also provide credit lines for financing corporate and SME segments, subordinated loans, housing and other facilities.

Subordinated loans amounting to NOK 70 million, and mortgage loans worth NOK 3 million, were written down.

In an effort to bolster Kidder's confidence, G.E. announced yesterday that it was adding $100 million to Kidder's capital in the form of a subordinated loan.

For the moment, the plan for Nippon Credit calls for insurance companies to convert a total of 150 billion yen ($1.2 billion) in subordinated loans to the bank into common and preferred stock.

However the paper was kept afloat during the general election campaign thanks to the extension of an additional subordinated loan from the TGWU, so that its folding would not embarrass the Labour Party.

Under the agreement, the bank will also buy another 24 million Gundy shares for about $80 million, provide up to $100 million in subordinated loans and issue 10.8 million convertible shares to Gundy shareholders.

In finance, subordinated debt (also known as subordinated loan, subordinated bond, subordinated debenture or junior debt) is debt which ranks after other debts should a company fall into liquidation or bankruptcy.

The deal also envisions Alstom's creditor banks injecting 2.4 billion euros into the company: 300 million euros in shares, 900 million euros in convertible bonds and 1.2 billion euros in subordinated loans.

The regulators also punished West LB Securities Pacific Ltd., a unit of Germany's largest state-owned bank, by temporarily suspending some of its operations in Japan after uncovering illegal transactions involving subordinated loans.