The work outlines a new form of society ruled by a hierarchical spiritual aristocracy.

This doctrine stands in opposition to the concept of a spiritual aristocracy or hierarchy within Christianity.

Law is a spiritual aristocracy.

Muhammad besought the mercy of the Muslims upon his beloved grandsons, thus their descendants have become a form of spiritual aristocracy amongst many, though not all, Muslims.

He elsewhere said that "Christianity is completely and radically anti-democratic; it is committed to spiritual aristocracy," and characterized democracy as "the great love of the failures and cowards of life."