The shipping countries of Europe and Japan want a system of no-fault compensation that would quickly foot the bill for scraping oil off the beach.

Under another new law, Albanian officials must verify that a shipment is intended for a legitimate user, and then notify officials in the shipping country before the vessel is to be allowed to leave its home port.

Crackdown on Shipping Countries that sell ship registrations for worldwide operation with minimal regulation, sometimes called flags of convenience, will be urged to try to screen out immigrant smugglers; countries along the ships' routes will be asked to deny them fuel and provisions and to report them to United States authorities.