Evidence from sea floor sediment reaches farther into the past, but is subject to bottom currents, landslides and other alterations.

Devices will extract samples of sea floor sediment in an attempt to determine the history of that region for at least the past 100,000 years.

Other ships can visualize sea floor sediments from their sonar reflections, or scoop shallow samples off the bottom.

Sea floor sediment accumulated, especially in the southern Abakiliki Rift, under oxygen-deficient bottom conditions.

That mountain and the circular depression around it were discovered, under the sea floor sediments, during seismic searches for buried oil deposits on the continental shelf.

Cores containing cross sections of sea floor sediment accumulated over 50 million years or more were extracted by drilling into the bottom, sometimes beneath three miles of water.

Plate tectonics pushed the microcontinent north, and bits of granite, sea floor sediment, subduction zones, and coral reefs gradually accreted into small islands.

By drilling into sea floor sediments, researchers can pull material from a layer of known date and test the magnesium-calcium ratio to get a rough idea of the prevailing temperatures.

Hays founded and led the CLIMAP project, which collected sea floor sediment data to study surface sea temperatures and paleoclimatological conditions 18,000 years ago.

Built from data gleaned from things like ice cores, tree rings, and sea floor sediments, these models acknowledge the fickle nature of some data and often account for it.

Simply by lifting sea floor sediments to nourish the bottom of the food chain--drifting, microscopic algae and diatoms--the rest of life's pyramid would be made to flourish.

The Navy conducted a global program to determine sea floor sediment types and thicknesses, partly to understand how sound echoed off the bottom and to improve its tracking of enemy ships and submarines.

Seabed gouging by ice is an eminently discreet phenomenon: little sign of it can be observed from above the water surface - the odd evidence includes sea floor sediments incorporated into the ice (Weeks 2010, p. 391).

The 1977 investigation found very low levels of cobalt-60 from the reactor's coolant system in sea floor sediment, but nothing from the fuel elements themselves, which hold a spectrum of dangerous substances that remain highly radioactive for hundreds of years.

Evidence of warming periods has now been found all over the globe, from sediment beneath a Florida lake to the glaciers of Chile and New Zealand and the sea floor sediment off Western South America.

It had several causes: settling of the loose tephra forming the bulk of the volcano, compaction of sea floor sediments underlying the island, and downward warping of the lithosphere due to the weight of the volcano.

Submarine canyons are believed to contain vast reserves of methane hydrates, a promising clean-burning natural energy source believed to reside in near freezing temperatures under high pressures within sea floor sediments, although no technology yet exists to extract the methane.

The evidence so far also confirms estimates from sea floor sediments that the timetable of successive ice ages has conformed closely to the 110,000-year cycles of changes in shape of the earth's orbit and in tilt and aim of its spin axis.

The MPA includes a river mouth delta, soft sea floor sediment, the largest south coast region of offshore cobble reef at 3 by 3 km, a major barred sand bass spawning area, a persistent kelp bed, surfgrass, and a freshwater plume.