There are various causes for habitual abortions, and some are treatable.

Of particular concern to Dr. Javert were women who had "habitual abortions" - three or more miscarriages.

Hormones: hypoparathyroidism (failure of the parathyroid glands leading to low calcium levels), infertility, and habitual abortion.

This mixture of shared or contradicting interests has been hypothesized as giving rise to diseases like autoimmune diseases, infertility, and habitual abortion in humans.

In an interspecies cross like the mule one would always expect marked differences between the two parents' white cell antigens, and on the analogy with humans, habitual abortions should be rare.

These fears, in turn, led to "abortion neurosis," vividly depicted in Dr. Javert's 1957 book, "Spontaneous and Habitual Abortion," as a black octopus enveloping a woman.

Stormorken H, Gjemdal T, Bjøro K. A unique case of Lupus anticoagulant and habitual abortion together with factor II antibody and bleeding tendency.

Habitual abortion, recurrent miscarriage or recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is the occurrence of three or more pregnancies that end in miscarriage of the fetus, usually before 20 weeks of gestation.

In 1977, the FDA determined that there was no adequate evidence that progestogens (including progesterone, dydrogesterone, and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate) were effective in treating threatened abortion or preventing habitual abortion and withdrew approval for those indications.

However, in a previous study of 79 women with threatened, previous spontaneous, or habitual abortion, Javert and Stander (1943) had 91% success with 33 patients who received vitamin C together with bioflavonoids and vitamin K (only three abortions), whereas all of the 46 patients who did not receive the vitamins aborted.

The antiphospholipid syndrome is a generally accepted cause of recurrent pregnancy loss.

However, there are no confirmed studies to suggest that specific infections will lead to recurrent pregnancy loss in humans.

The occurrence of recurrent pregnancy loss is 1%.

Indeed, there is no consensus on the relationship of the arcuate uterus and recurrent pregnancy loss.

If the likely cause of recurrent pregnancy loss can be determined treatment is to be directed accordingly.

About 3% of the time a chromosomal problem of one or both partners can lead to recurrent pregnancy loss.

Aneuploidy may be a cause of a random spontaneous as well as recurrent pregnancy loss.

Close surveillance during pregnancy is generally recommended for pregnant patients with a history of recurrent pregnancy loss.

Symptoms range from amenorrhea, infertility, recurrent pregnancy loss, and pain, to normal functioning depending on the nature of the defect.

In patients with recurrent pregnancy loss thought to be caused by an arcuate uterus hysteroscopic resection can be performed.

Recurrent pregnancy loss: the reproductive potential of a bicornuate uterus is usually measured by live birth rate (also called fetal survival rate).

A common feature of immune factors in causing recurrent pregnancy loss appears to be a decreased maternal immune tolerance towards the fetus.

Of substantial recent interest is the role of antibodies to Factor XII in recurrent pregnancy losses.

However, there is currently no drug that has evidence of preventing recurrent pregnancy loss by boosting maternal immune tolerance; aspirin has no effect in this case.

Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) or recurrent miscarriage is the occurrence of three consecutive miscarriages.

Other causes of recurrent pregnancy loss include anatomical abnormalities in the uterus, diseases of the immune system, hormonal imbalances and problems with blood clotting.

Although most cases of prekallikrein deficiency are asymptomatic, a few reports link severe prekallikrein deficiency with thrombotic phenomena and recurrent pregnancy loss.

In contrast, in about 15% of patients with recurrent pregnancy loss anatomical problems are thought to be causative with the septate uterus as the most common finding.

Patients and doctors say that treatments can differ wildly from practice to practice and that there is only a limited consensus on how to address unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss.

Prenatal care: low folate status has been linked to neural tube defects, recurrent pregnancy loss, low birth weight and a variety of age-related high risk complications of pregnancy.

Allylestrenol (BAN/INN), also known as allyloestrenol and allyl estrenol, is a synthetic progestogen used to prevent threatened miscarriage, recurrent pregnancy loss and premature labor.

Over half the women Dr. Kutteh sees with recurrent pregnancy loss, he said, have never been given a cheap, simple test for insulin resistance, although that problem is associated with higher miscarriage rates.

Habitual abortion, recurrent miscarriage or recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is the occurrence of three or more pregnancies that end in miscarriage of the fetus, usually before 20 weeks of gestation.

The chapters on immune disorders of pregnancy and recurrent pregnancy loss, however, are especially informative and Claman is here to be congratulated for summarizing succinctly a large body of data in a balanced and objective way.

Doctors say that as many as 3 or 4 percent of couples who try to have children suffer from what doctors call recurrent pregnancy loss, in which women younger than 40 experience three or more consecutive miscarriages with the same partner.