The process is mediated by a proton channel called thermogenin, or UCP1.

There are approximately 10 copies of subunit 9 involved in forming the proton channel [ 30].

The portion embedded within the membrane is called F and contains a ring of c subunits and the proton channel.

IREM has an electron and a proton channel, though radiation up to cosmic rays can be sensed.

This subunit is a key component of the proton channel, and may play a direct role in the translocation of protons across the membrane.

F 0 is the integral membrane domain of the complex and functions as a proton channel in ATP synthesis.

Voltage-gated proton channels are ion channels that have the unique property of opening with depolarization, but in a strongly pH-sensitive manner.

The direction of rotation of the flagella in bacteria comes from the occupancy of the proton channels along the perimeter of the flagellar motor.

In brown adipose tissue, regulated proton channels called uncoupling proteins can uncouple respiration from ATP synthesis.

Otherwise, referring to hydrons as protons is still considered acceptable, for example in such terms as protonation, deprotonation, proton pump or proton channel.

A proton motive force or pmf drives protons down the gradient (across the membrane) through the proton channel of ATP synthase.

NADPH oxidase is electrogenic, moving electrons across the membrane, and proton channels open to allow proton flux to balance the electron movement electrically.

The M2 proton channel maintains pH across the viral membrane during cell entry and across the trans-Golgi membrane of infected cells during viral maturation.

ATPases can harness the energy from a proton gradient, using the flux of ions across the membrane via the ATPase proton channel to drive the synthesis of ATP.

DeSimone believes that he has identified the proton channel involved in sour taste as well as an ion channel that could be the second salt receptor, and he plans to do knockout experiments on both.

Oligomycin A inhibits ATP synthase by blocking its proton channel (Fo subunit), which is necessary for oxidative phosphorylation of ADP to ATP (energy production).

Rotation might be caused by changes in the ionization of amino acids in the ring of c subunits causing electrostatic interactions that propel the ring of c subunits past the proton channel.

The HVCN1 gene codes for a voltage-gated proton channel that has been shown to allow proton transport into phagosomes and out of many types of cells including spermatozoa, electrically excitable cells and respiratory epithelial cells.

UCP1 is related to other mitochondrial metabolite transporters such as the adenine nucleotide translocator, a proton channel in the mitochondrial inner membrane that permits the translocation of protons from the mitochondrial intermembrane space to the mitochondrial matrix.

DeSimone's current idea is that strong acids enter taste cells through a proton channel (probably a known channel present on other cell types) while weak acids, like acetic acid (vinegar), enter as neutral molecules and then dissociate to lower intracellular pH.