It is the tooth of the painting surface that holds the pastels, not a fixative.

Canvases (the common painting surface) originated in Venice during the early Renaissance.

Hessian has been used by artists as an alternative to canvas as a stretched painting surface.

It is also popularly used by artists as a painting surface, typically stretched across a wooden frame.

This paper was then coated with a thin layer of fine stucco, which was used as the painting surface.

Photographic films are then placed in contact with the painting surface, some for only a few minutes, others for as long as two weeks.

He is best known for his photorealism work and creative use of painting surfaces.

They are brought back to the painting surface by three very upfront, free-form horizontal streaks.

The decorative style require very fine white clay in order to create a very smooth painting surface.

He applied pieces of felt to his painting surfaces, a move that opened various formal options and loosened up his style.