It was during this period that Junast started to study the 'Phags-pa script.

He proposed an encoding scheme for the 'Phags-pa script, which was subsequently included in Unicode version 5.0.

Following are the initials of the 'Phags-pa script as presented in the Menggu Ziyun.

Among them are some Yuan Dynasty stelae with inscriptions in 'Phags-pa script.

The 'Phags-pa script, for example, has been very helpful in reconstructing the pronunciations of pre-modern forms of Chinese.

BabelStone: Phags-pa Script, by Andrew West.

Bushell made important contributions to the study of the extinct Tangut, Khitan, Jurchen and 'Phags-pa scripts.

The famous Renaissance painter Giotto and his pupils often combined Arabic and 'Phags-pa script in their paintings.

'Phags-pa script (created at the command of Kublai Khan, and used to write Chinese, Mongolian and Uyghur)

Chögyal Phagpa in turn modified the traditional Tibetan script and gave birth to a new set of characters called 'Phags-pa script which was completed in 1268.

The Tibetan alphabet is ancestral to the Limbu alphabet, the Lepcha alphabet, and the multilingual 'Phags-pa script.

The 'Phags-pa script does not indicate tonal differences, and so Chinese characters with the same pronunciation but different tones are represented using the same 'Phags-pa syllable.

The 'Phags-pa script and the Menggu Ziyun tend to retain more traditional elements, but are useful in filling in the spartan description of the Zhongyuan Yinyun.

The 'Phags-pa script, promulgated in 1269, was a vertical adaptation of the Tibetan alphabet, initially aimed at Mongolian, but later adapted to other languages of the empire, including Chinese.

The Yuan influence seemed to have increased in Golden Horde as some of Toqta's coins carried 'Phags-pa script in addition to Mongolian script and Persian characters.

Since its invention in 1269, the 'Phags-pa script, a unified script for spelling Mongolian' Tibetan, and Chinese languages, was preserved in the court until the end of the Dynasty.

Junast (also Junastu; 1934-2010) was a Chinese linguist of Mongolian ethnicity who specialized in the study of the Monguor language, Eastern Yugur language and the 'Phags-pa script.

Its pronunciation has been inferred from the 'Phags-pa script used in the Mongol empire and two rhyme dictionaries, the Menggu Ziyun (1308) and the Zhongyuan Yinyun (1324).

During the period of interaction between the Mongols and the West, from the late 13th century to early 14th century, some Italian painters incorporated Mongol script (particularly the 'Phags-pa script) into their religious painting.

Kublai Khan decided to use the 'Phags-pa script as the official writing system of the empire, including when he became Emperor of China in 1271, instead of the Chinese ideogrammes and the Uyghur script.

In addition, Sakya Pandita with the aid of his nephew Drogön Chögyal Phagpa were encouraged by Godan Khan to invent a Mongolian script called 'Phags-pa script named after its inventor.

The original 'Phags-pa dictionary that is ancestral to the 1308 edition was probably compiled by imperial order soon after the 'Phags-pa script was devised in about 1269, intended for use in teaching the new script to Chinese officials.

Further sources are the 'Phags-pa script based on the Tibetan alphabet, which was used to write several of the languages of the Mongol empire, including Chinese, and the Menggu Ziyun, a rhyme dictionary based on 'Phags-pa.

This is the only surviving example of a dictionary written in the 'Phags-pa script, and is the single most important source for studying how Chinese was written in the 'Phags-pa script during the Yuan dynasty.

However, it should be noted that, against common misinterpretations of his study, Ledyard thought the role of Phags-pa script in the creation of Hangul was quite limited and he did not claim that Hangul was derived from the Phagspa script.