The first judge is serving at a penal court.

He was also accused of selling such substance, at which point the trial went out of the sporting circles to reach the penal courts.

In 2006, the Belgian judiciary decided that the priest will have to stand trial before the penal court in Charleroi.

According to the Constitution there are three categories of courts: civil courts, penal courts and administrative courts.

The heavy penal courts (Interpol terms them Central Criminal Courts) consist of a presiding judge and two members with a public prosecutor.

In the first two months of operations, the office assisted 1,075 domestic violence victims, referring 660 cases to civil courts and 419 to penal courts for further legal action.

Special heavy penal courts in various cities such as Izmir, Adana, Erzurum and Diyarbakir are conducting trials against groups from different towns.

The indictment, issued by Judge Ricardo Zamora of the Fourth Penal Court, begins a 120-day investigatory period in which the case is prepared for trial.

The Court of Cassation is the supreme civil and penal court, whereas the Council of State is the supreme administrative court.

Although not considered a crime and hence not prosecuted in a penal court, tax evasion is a serious offence under Swiss tax law and hefty financial penalties apply.

Penal courts of first instance (or simply penal courts asliye ceza) are courts with a single judge deciding on minor cases.

Disputes over jurisdiction between the Revolutionary Courts and Iranian Penal Courts are resolved by the Iranian Supreme Court.

The prosecutors then demanded a copy of the Ergenekon indictment concerning an alleged high-level cabal, and the judge agreed to request this from the Heavy Penal Court in Istanbul.

In November 2008 the highest penal court broadly ruled that pretrial detention should be the exception to the rule, except in cases where a suspect represents a flight risk or may act to obstruct justice.

In May, a mini-bus driver was killed and a policeman and a civilian woman were injured as a group of Manaa's men attacked the car in which he was being transported to a penal court.

With a majority vote supported by the SLD and Samoobrona deputies to the committee, it adopted without prior discussion a final report which came to the same conclusion as the penal court - according to which Rywin had been acting completely on his own.

Since Istanbul Heavy Penal Court 13 accepted the 2.455 page strong indictment against 86 defendants in the first case against alleged members of the clandestine organization Ergenekon on 28 July 2008 another 14 indictments have been prepared in this context until February 2011.

With this disposition the Civilian and Penal Courts where converted to the Appellate Civil and Penal Court (Salas de Casación Civil y Penal), and the second instance y moved to the Superior Tribunal.