In German contract law, 311 BGB lists a number of steps by which an obligation to pay damages may be created.

The Tokyo High Court upheld a lower-court ruling that the government has no obligation to pay damages to the 80 women, former brothel workers and their relatives, said a court official.

It terminates the liability of the parties to perform their primary obligations, but has no effect on the secondary obligation to pay damages, which arises before termination and is defined by the terms of the contract.